Objective: Effect of successful cardioversion on serum aldosterone levels in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation(Af). Method:Thirty-one patiens with chronic, persistent Af were included in shis study. All were scheduled for electrical cardioversion. Both aldosterone and renin levels were determined in 2 hours before cardioversion and 48 hours after electrical cardioversion. Result:Twenty-nine of 31 patiens(94%)were conrated to sinus rhythy after cardioversion .Aldosterone levels decreased significantly 48 hours after successful electrical cardioversion (P 0.05).The aldosterone/renin index decreased significantly in these patiens (P 0.05). Conclution:Restoration of sinus rhythm by electrical cardioversion lowers serum aldosterone in patiens with persistent AF.