The coordination compound was synthesized from chitooligosaccharide with Nd(NO3)3,and was characterized by IR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy respectively.The results show that Nd3+ ion with chitooligosaccharide formed the coordination compound,Nd3+ ion was coordinated with N atom in amino groups and O atom in secondary hydroxyl groups of chitooligosaccharide.The coordination number of COS-Nd(Ⅲ) coordination polymer was studied with conductivity method.The results show that in the COS-Nd(Ⅲ) coordination polymer Nd3+ was coordinated with four oxygen atoms and four nitrogen atoms,so the coordination number is 8.