APPLICATIONS OF MANAGEMENT THEORY: A REVIEW OF THE EMPIRICAL LITERATURE AND A NEW DIRECTION.

The article focuses on contingency theories of leadership and on the justification of developing additional research strategies in building and applying leadership theories. It states that non-contingency theories of leadership find a significant correlation between some form of leader behavior and some criterion as well as the possibility of some measure of environmental variation. It mentions that contingency theories cannot be tested without a priori specifications as to critical values of environmental values. It states that all theory are contingency theories if you consider that eventually limitations need to be brought in so to delimit the range of theory.