Multimodal Metabolomics Analysis Reveals That Classic Decoction Mitigates Myocardial Ischemia‐Induced Damage by Modulating Energy and Branched‐Chain Amino Acid Metabolism

ABSTRACT Gualou‐Xiebai‐Banxia (GXB) decoction shows potential for treating myocardial ischemia (MI), although its underlying mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, a multimodal metabolomics approach, combining gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and 1H‐NMR, was employed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of GXB in a rat model of myocardial ischemia induced by ligation. ELISA assays and HE staining demonstrated that GXB effectively reduced myocardial injury, oxidative stress markers, and myocardial fibrosis. Orthogonal partial least‐squares discriminant analysis identified 62 biomarkers, 20 of which were confirmed using standard compounds. The GC–MS method showed excellent linearity across a wide concentration range (0.004–29.7 μg/mL, R2 > 0.9995), with intra‐ and inter‐day precision RSD values below 4.72% and 4.96%, respectively. Method recoveries ranged from 95.40% to 104.83%, with RSD values under 4.84%. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that GXB decoction alleviates myocardial ischemia‐induced damage primarily by modulating energy metabolism and branched‐chain amino acid metabolism. These findings provide valuable support for the clinical application of GXB decoction in treating myocardial ischemia.