Contemporary approaches to healthy and livable public spaces: Proximity, flexibility, and diversification

Current urban conditions are profoundly influenced by climate change, environmental issues, and pandemics, highlighting the need to create spaces that promote resident well-being. Health, a multidisciplinary concept, focuses on elements that make spaces livable and encourage healthy behaviors. This study, conducted within the PRIN2020 #20209F3A37 SUMMA Urban Impact Unit project, aims to identify approaches to designing healthy and livable public spaces, emphasizing proximity, flexibility, and diversification. The 15-min city model, proposed by Carlos Moreno, envisions compact, accessible neighborhoods with essential services within walking distance, reducing reliance on cars, and promoting community interaction. Flexibility in urban planning, supported by adaptable design and regulatory frameworks, allows spaces to evolve with community needs and respond to unforeseen events, as demonstrated by initiatives like Berlin's Prinzessinnengarten and the Dynamic Street prototype. David Sim's "Soft City" concept promotes human-centered design by creating intimate, varied spaces that enhance social interactions. In cities like Adelaide, this approach fosters community cohesion and livability through accessible green spaces and pedestrian-friendly infrastructure. This study will highlight both the positive aspects and challenges of these methodological approaches, offering insights into their practical applications and potential limitations.