小胶质细胞
再髓鞘化
髓鞘
神经科学
中枢神经系统
生物
白质
少突胶质细胞
神经胶质
吞噬作用
炎症
细胞生物学
医学
免疫学
磁共振成像
放射科
作者
Tongtong Xu,Chang Liu,Shiyu Deng,Lin Gan,Zhijun Zhang,Guo‐Yuan Yang,Tian Huang,Yaohui Tang
标识
DOI:10.1177/0271678x221137762
摘要
Myelination is an important process in the central nervous system (CNS). Oligodendrocytes (OLs) extend multiple layers to densely sheath on axons, composing the myelin to achieve efficient electrical signal conduction. The myelination during developmental stage maintains a balanced state. However, numerous CNS diseases including neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases cause demyelination and disrupt the homeostasis, resulting in inflammation and white matter deficits. Effective clearance of myelin debris is needed in the region of demyelination, which is a key step for remyelination and tissue regeneration. Microglia and astrocytes are the major resident phagocytic cells in the brain, which may play different or collaborative roles in myelination. Microglia and astrocytes participate in developmental myelination through engulfing excessive unneeded myelin. They are also involved in the clearance of degenerated myelin debris for accelerating remyelination, or engulfing healthy myelin sheath for inhibiting remyelination. This review focuses on the roles of microglia and astrocytes in phagocytosing myelin in the developmental brain and diseased brain. In addition, the interaction between microglia and astrocytes to mediate myelin engulfment is also summarized.
科研通智能强力驱动
Strongly Powered by AbleSci AI