The human microbiome in space: parallels between Earth-based dysbiosis, implications for long-duration spaceflight, and possible mitigation strategies

失调 太空飞行 微生物群 生物 肠道菌群 人类微生物组计划 人体微生物群 人类健康 生态学 免疫学 医学 生物信息学 环境卫生 工程类 航空航天工程
作者
Sofia Etlin,Julianna Rose,Luca Bielski,Claire Walter,Ashley S. Kleinman,Christopher E. Mason
出处
期刊:Clinical Microbiology Reviews [American Society for Microbiology]
卷期号:37 (3) 被引量:2
标识
DOI:10.1128/cmr.00163-22
摘要

SUMMARY The human microbiota encompasses the diverse communities of microorganisms that reside in, on, and around various parts of the human body, such as the skin, nasal passages, and gastrointestinal tract. Although research is ongoing, it is well established that the microbiota exert a substantial influence on the body through the production and modification of metabolites and small molecules. Disruptions in the composition of the microbiota—dysbiosis—have also been linked to various negative health outcomes. As humans embark upon longer-duration space missions, it is important to understand how the conditions of space travel impact the microbiota and, consequently, astronaut health. This article will first characterize the main taxa of the human gut microbiota and their associated metabolites, before discussing potential dysbiosis and negative health consequences. It will also detail the microbial changes observed in astronauts during spaceflight, focusing on gut microbiota composition and pathogenic virulence and survival. Analysis will then turn to how astronaut health may be protected from adverse microbial changes via diet, exercise, and antibiotics before concluding with a discussion of the microbiota of spacecraft and microbial culturing methods in space. The implications of this review are critical, particularly with NASA’s ongoing implementation of the Moon to Mars Architecture, which will include weeks or months of living in space and new habitats.
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