Development and applications of electrospun nanofiber-based triboelectric nanogenerators

Since 2012, as a renewable energy collection and utilization technology, the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has ushered in a new wave in the development of wearable electronic devices, portable self-powered systems, and human-computer interfaces. Electrospun fibers have the advantages of good uniformity, large porosity, and large surface area, which provide a new choice for the triboelectric layer of TENG and can significantly improve the triboelectric effect and wearability of TENG. In this review, the structures and fundamental mechanisms of TENGs were introduced, along with the introduction of the preparation and influencing factors of the formation of electrospun fibers and their advantages as friction electrode of TENGs. More emphasis was placed on the applications of electrospun nanofiber based TENGs, such as acoustic sensors, human motion sensors, anti-counterfeiting and encryption, gas detection, and air filters. Furthermore, the electrospun nanofibers mixed with 2D nanomaterials as electrodes to improve the output performance of TENGs were also discussed, which can contribute to promoting further development of the field.