1H-Pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid-based metal–organic frameworks: Multifaceted materials

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), consisting of metal ions or clusters coordinated with organic ligands, are a class of crystalline materials that have garnered widespread prominence recently due to their unique and tunable properties, forming extended 3D frameworks with well-defined porous structures. Their exceptional chemical and structural properties have captured the attention of researchers worldwide, making them an exciting avenue for developing innovative materials with diverse applications. In particular, MOFs containing ligands with carboxylic acid and N-containing moieties hold great promise for designing novel architectures suitable for various applications. The engineered flexibility and host–guest interaction chemistry of these MOFs make them excellent candidates for pioneering materials. This review presents an inclusive summary of the latest progress in pyrazolate carboxylate MOF design, focusing on their applications in sensing, catalysis, drug delivery, and luminescence. We also introduce the synthetic process and synergistic effects of MOFs in execution. Finally, we briefly outline the obstacles, opportunities, and implications for future development in these areas.