A Sprayable Janus Hydrogel as an Effective Bioadhesive for Gastrointestinal Perforation Repair

Abstract Advancements in hydrogel bioadhesives for sealing gastrointestinal perforations (GP) face challenges due to weak mechanical properties, causing leakage, especially on uneven wound surfaces. Herein, a Janus hydrogel is introduced featuring a two‐step cross‐linking process, designed to serve as an efficient bioadhesive using a sprayable method. This Janus hydrogel formulation is achieved by modifying a photocurable hyaluronic acid hydrogel with dopamine (DA) and phenylboronic acid (PBA) groups, enabling reversible boronate ester bonds. These dynamic cross‐linking bonds facilitate shear‐thinning and self‐healing abilities, ensuring secure adhesion to complex wounds. A subsequent photocurable irreversible cross‐linking stage results in the formation of a hydrogel barrier with asymmetric adhesive properties, imparting inherent mechanical strength for postoperative anti‐adhesion. To enhance the clinical practicality of this hydrogel, an integrated sprayer device is further developed, enabling the efficient delivery of hydrogel at any angle and over long distances under minimally invasive conditions. Therefore, the HADP hydrogel, integrated with the sprayer device, successfully addressed the limitations associated with hydrogel bioadhesives in clinical applications concerning angles and terrains. This integrated approach presents a compelling solution for repairing gastrointestinal perforations in clinical settings. Moreover, it demonstrates significant potential for diverse applications in repairing complex wound surfaces.