Metal‐Organic Frameworks (MOFs) As Hydrogen Storage Materials At Near‐Ambient Temperature

Abstract Hydrogen may play a critical role in our efforts to de‐carbonize by 2050. However, there remain technical challenges in the storage and transport of hydrogen. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown significant promise for hydrogen storage at cryogenic temperatures. A material that can meet the US department of energy (DOE) ultimate goal of 6.5 wt. % for gravimetric performance and 50 g/L for volumetric storage at near‐ambient temperatures would unlock hydrogen as a future fuel source for on‐board applications. Metal‐organic frameworks typically have low heat of adsorptions (i. e. 4–7 kJ/mol), whereas for storing significant quantities of hydrogen at near‐ambient temperatures, 15–25 kJ/mol is likely required. In this review we explore the current methods used (i. e., open‐metal sites, alkali dopants and hydrogen spillover) for promoting strong adsorption within MOFs. Further we discuss MOF‐based materials with respect to the technical aspects of deliverable capacity, kinetics and stability.