Dendrite-Free All-Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries by In Situ Phase Transformation of the Soft Carbon–Li3N Interface Layer

The accelerated formation of lithium dendrites has considerably impeded the advancement and practical deployment of all-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs). In this study, a soft carbon (SC)-Li₃N interface layer was developed with both ionic and electronic conductivity, for which the in situ lithiation reaction not only lithiated SC into LiC₆ with good electronic/ionic conductivity but also successfully transformed the mixed-phase Li₃N into pure-phase β-Li₃N with a high ionic conductivity/ion diffusion coefficient and stability to lithium metal. The mixed conductive interface layer facilitates fast Li⁺ transport at the interface and induces the homogeneous deposition of lithium metal inside it. This effectively inhibits the formation of lithium dendrites and greatly improves the performance of the ASSLMB. The ASSLMB assembled with the SC-Li₃N interface layer exhibits high areal capacity (15 mA h cm^-2), high current density (7.5 mA cm^-2), and long cycle life (6000 cycles). These results indicate that this interface layer has great potential for practical applications in high-energy-density ASSLMBs.