Advances and challenges of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and derivatives in photoelectrocatalytic water splitting

Photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) hydrogen production technology combines the advantages of photocatalysis and electrocatalysis and utilizes solar energy to drive water splitting, which is a technology for sustainable energy systems. However, its low photocatalytic water splitting efficiency results in relatively small hydrogen production. And the cost-effectiveness of PEC water splitting technology and the overall solar energy conversion efficiency to hydrogen remains a great challenge. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous materials created through the coordination of metal ions or clusters with organic bridging ligands via ligand bonds. They offer high specific surface areas, abundant metal active sites, large pore volumes, and customizable structures and compositions, making them highly favorable for applications in photoelectrocatalysis. This review discusses the advancements in photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen production technology using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and derivatives. It covers the principles of photoelectrocatalysis, preparation methods for MOF catalysts and strategies for performance enhancement. These strategies include improving light absorption, enhancing carrier separation efficiency, and ensuring stability. The paper also discusses the current challenges and future directions of photoelectrocatalytic water splitting technology. Overall, this review offers a thorough theoretical framework and practical insights for researchers in this field.