Dissecting the Hepatitis B Virus Replication Mechanisms and Advances in in vivo Models: A Comprehensive Review

(i) HBV replication is a highly regulated, multi-step process dependent on host-virus interactions. (ii) Host receptors like NTCP, EGFR, and ASGPR are critical for HBV internalization into hepatocytes. (iii) Understanding HBV replication and cccDNA formation is essential for developing targeted treatments. (iv) Diverse animal models are indispensable for advancing HBV research and therapeutic development.