Ionic conductor armored Li3V2(PO4)3: a robust electrode for lithium capture via capacitive desalination

The poor ionic conductivity and sluggish interfacial kinetics of Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ (LVP) severely limit its practical use for lithium extraction from brines. To overcome these limitations, we developed a robust amorphous Li₃PO₄ coating for LVP. This coating enhances ionic conductivity, accelerates interfacial kinetics, and improves structural stability. Consequently, the modified LVP achieves a high Li⁺ adsorption capacity of 6.48 mmol g^-1 within 150 mg L^-1 LiCl at 1.2 V with excellent selectivity in simulated brines.