背景(考古学)
认知
心理学
前额叶皮质
任务(项目管理)
认知老化
认知心理学
工作记忆
神经科学
连接主义
发展心理学
生物
古生物学
经济
管理
作者
Todd S. Braver,M Deanna,Beth A. Keys,Cameron S. Carter,Jonathan D. Cohen,Jeffrey Kaye,Jeri S. Janowsky,Stephan F. Taylor,Jerome A. Yesavage,M Mumenthaler,William J. Jagust,Bruce R Reed
标识
DOI:10.1037/0096-3445.130.4.746
摘要
A theory of cognitive aging is presented in which healthy older adults are hypothesized to suffer from disturbances in the processing of context that impair cognitive control function across multiple domains, including attention, inhibition, and working memory. These cognitive disturbances are postulated to be directly related to age-related decline in the function of the dopamine (DA) system in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). A connectionist computational model is described that implements specific mechanisms for the role of DA and PFC in context processing. The behavioral predictions of the model were tested in a large sample of older (N = 81) and young (N = 175) adults performing variants of a simple cognitive control task that placed differential demands on context processing. Older adults exhibited both performance decrements and, counterintuitively, performance improvements that are in close agreement with model predictions.
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