A Review of Sodium Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitors Canagliflozin, Dapagliflozin and Empagliflozin

Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a new class of anti-diabetic medications. Canagliflozin was the first drug approved in this group in 2013 and subsequently dapagliflozin was approved in January 2014 and empagliflozin was approved in August 2014. Preclinical studies have demonstrated safety, tolerability, and efficacy in terms of glycemic control and HbA1c level in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in comparison to other anti-diabetic drugs. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently released a warning that some of the patients who used SGLT2 inhibitors developed diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Empagliflozin has showed safety in type 2 diabetics with renal impairment. Each of these medications can be used as a single treatment or in combination with other anti-diabetic medications. Keywords: Anti-hyperglycemic agents, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, fasting plasma glucose, sulphonylureas, sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors, SGLT2, type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, urinary glucose excretion.