Sleep disturbance among people with major depressive disorders (MDD) in Singapore

Background: Sleep problems are common with major depressive disorder (MDD), which has been identified as the most pervasive mental disorder in Singapore.Aims: This study aimed to establish the prevalence of sleep disturbance among adults with lifetime and 12-month MDD, as well as its socio-demographic and clinical correlates.Method: Data were collected from the Singapore Mental Health Study, a cross-sectional epidemiological survey of the local residential population aged ≥18 years. Using the CIDI 3.0, 417 and 181 respondents with lifetime and 12-month MDD were included in the analysis.Results: The prevalence of insomnia-related sleep disturbance among those with lifetime and 12-month MDD was 90.9% and 91.4%, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed ethnicity, education and the number of depressive episodes as well as clinical comorbidities such as obsessive compulsive disorder, diabetes and hypertension to be significantly associated with sleep disturbance among those with lifetime MDD. However, only 28.6% of those with sleep disturbance sought help from a professional.Conclusions: The proportion of Singaporeans with MDD who have sleep disturbance is high, with increased risk for mental and physical health problems. Given the low rate of treatment contact, individuals with MDD must be screened and treated for sleep disturbance.