miR-19b-3p engineered adipose-derived stem cell exosomes attenuate acute liver failure via promoting tissue repair and microenvironment remodeling

. Mechanistically, miR-19b-3p directly targeted p47phox (a NADPH oxidase subunit) and impede hepatic oxidative stress level. Then, the redox homeostasis changes inactivated NF-κB pathway by impeding iKBα ubiquitination and blocking nuclear translocation of NF-κB P65, and then triggered the damping of M1 macrophage polarization. Notably, miR-19-EXO also outperformed lentiviral miR-19b-3p or shp47phox delivery and conventional ROS scavengers in synergistic biological functions. Our finding paves the way of engineering ADSC-EXO to develop a proactive intervention strategy for ALF by increasing its specificity and functionality.