Functional Anatomy of the Spine Properties of Spinal Components Properties of the Neural Elements Normal Spine Movement Basic Physics and the Fundamentals of Biomechanics Stability and Instability Biomechanics of Degenerative Spine Diseases Biomechanics of Spine Trauma Biomechanics of Scoliosis and Associated Spine Deformaties Neural Element Injury Spinal Decompression Neural Element Decompression Spinal Fusion Management Fundamentals Spinal Fixation Biomechanics of Anterior Spinal Distraction Fixation Biomechanics of Anterior Spinal Compression Biomechanics of Anterior Cantilever Beam Fixation Anterior Spinal Fixation Constructs and Complex Force Application Biomechanics of Posterior Distraction Biomechanics of Posterior Tension Band Fixation Biomechanics of Posterior Three-point Bending Fixation Biomechanics of Posterior Cantilever Beam Fixation Posterior Spinal Fixation Constructs Biomechanical Characteristics of Spinal Fixation Constructs Biomechnically Complex Constructs Spinal Orthotics Biomechanical Laboratory Testing Modelling the Spine Biomechanics of Injury Prevention.