Metal–Organic Framework-Based Materials for Adsorption and Detection of Uranium(VI) from Aqueous Solution

The steady supply of uranium resources and the reduction or elimination of the ecological and human health hazards of wastewater containing uranium make the recovery and detection of uranium in water greatly important. Thus, the development of effective adsorbents and sensors has received growing attention. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) possessing fascinating characteristics such as high surface area, high porosity, adjustable pore size, and luminescence have been widely used for either uranium adsorption or sensing. Now pertinent research has transited slowly into simultaneous uranium adsorption and detection. In this review, the progress on the research of MOF-based materials used for both adsorption and detection of uranium in water is first summarized. The adsorption mechanisms between uranium species in aqueous solution and MOF-based materials are elaborated by macroscopic batch experiments combined with microscopic spectral technology. Moreover, the application of MOF-based materials as uranium sensors is focused on their typical structures, sensing mechanisms, and the representative examples. Furthermore, the bifunctional MOF-based materials used for simultaneous detection and adsorption of U(VI) from aqueous solution are introduced. Finally, we also discuss the challenges and perspectives of MOF-based materials for uranium adsorption and detection to provide a useful inspiration and significant reference for further developing better adsorbents and sensors for uranium containment and detection.