Evaluation of Gestational Sac Diameter, Crown Rump Length, Yolk Sac Diameter and Fetal Heart Rate in Early Detection of Congenital Fetal Malformation

Congenital abnormalities impact 3% to 5% of allpregnancies, and they are the leading cause of newborndeath. The majority are caused by unknown factors, withpregnancy being the sole risk factor. However, in bothaffluent and developing nations, they are responsible forrising newborn fatalities.Aim of the study: The purpose of this study was to seewhether there was a link between Gestational sac diameter,crown rump length, yolk sac diameter and fetal heart ratein detection of early congenital fetal malformation.Patients and methods:our research included 100 pregnantwomen who were scanned using 2d ultrasonographybeginning in the first trimester, with the first scan takingplace between 6 and 8 weeks. at 18-22 weeks, a followup scan was performed. the first trimester's outcome wasdocumented.Results: Among cases, 77 (77%) had a normal pregnancy,20 (20%) had an early miscarriage, 3 (3%) had congenitalfetal malformation. a statistically highly significantdifference between a normal, early miscarriage andcongenital fetal malformation results of scan regardingyolk sac shape (p < 0.001). in our research, a small,irregular, calcified, or big yolk sac was a significantpredictive factor in pregnancy outcome.Conclusion: there was a strong link between gestationalsac diameter, yolk sac shape and diameter, CRL, andfetal heart rate in pregnancies that ended in a normal firsttrimester.