Unveiling the Role of Water on π–π Stacking Through Microwave Spectroscopy of (Thiophene)2-(Water)1–2 Clusters

There has been an ongoing debate about whether water enhances or hinders π-π stacking, a phenomenon crucial in various biological and chemical systems. In this study, the influence of water on π-π stacking is investigated by microwave spectroscopic observation of gas-phase hydrated clusters of thiophene dimers. Two isomers of (C