CircPTK2 as a Valuable Biomarker and Treatment Target in Cancer

ABSTRACT Circular RNA (CircRNA)s, a newly discovered type of noncoding RNAs, have been found to play a role in controlling the development and aggressiveness of tumors. Abnormal control of circRNA has been observed in various types of human cancers, including bladder cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), breast cancer, and gastric cancer (GC). CircRNAs possess binding sites for microRNAs (miRNAs) and function as miRNA sponges in posttranscriptional regulation. This mechanism has been documented to influence the course of cancer. Significantly, among these putative circRNAs, circular RNA protein tyrosine kinase 2 (circPTK2) exhibited increased expression and displayed a substantial association with adverse clinical characteristics and a negative prognosis. The production of these transcripts occurs via a back‐splicing mechanism. The enclosed conformation of circRNAs shields them from destruction and enhances their potential as biomarkers. Gaining insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes would aid in the development of treatment approaches and the discovery of new tumor markers. This article provides a comprehensive assessment of the latest research on the biosynthesis and features of circRNAs. It examines the role of circPTK2 in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis evaluation of cancer.