Influence of Brake Disc Material on Temperature Distribution in Ventilated Discs: A Numerical Simulation Study

The braking system is one of the most critical systems to ensure the safe driving performance of vehicles. Among the components of the braking system, the brake disc is the part most susceptible to wear. When the braking system is engaged, physical contact between the brake pad and the brake disc generates high pressure and temperature. If the temperature rises beyond the material’s endurance limit, it can cause wear or cracking of the brake disc, potentially leading to brake system failure and safety hazards. Therefore, this paper presents a study on the heat generation process in disc brake mechanism using hydraulic drive and simulates the temperature distribution field on the brake disc using three different disc materials to determine the maximum temperature values distributed on the disc. The study is conducted on disc brake mechanism of a passenger car. The materials used in the research include Grey Cast Iron, Inconel 718, and Inconel 625. Based on the developed simulation model, the regions with high-temperature formation were identified. In general, the highest temperatures typically appear on the friction surface of the brake disc around the 2nd second of the braking cycle, then gradually decrease and end at the fourth second. The simulation results show that the brake disc made from Grey Cast Iron exhibits the lowest maximum temperature compared to the other two materials.