Switchable Adhesion Interfaces: From General Mechanisms to Interfacial Design Strategies

Abstract Switchable adhesion, a phenomenon characterized by the ability to transition between attachment and detachment states under external stimuli, has recently gained popularity in various advanced devices. The realization of the desired functionalities on such surfaces relies on intricate interfacial designs. A general understanding of the commonalities and distinctions among these designs can foster the development of refined switchable adhesion interfaces (SAIs). To address this, this review first examines adhesion interfaces by focusing on the fundamental interactions at the atomic/molecular level, adhesion models, and their correlation with the diverse forces/bonds that dominate the adhesion behaviors. The latest progress in SAIs based on various forces/bonds, including electrostatic force, van der Waals force, capillary force, chemical bond, and suction force, is then discussed with regard to their specific design strategies, such as structures, components, and triggers. Additionally, an extensive overview of the broad applications of SAIs in fields ranging from space to biomedicine is provided, along with an exploration of the prevailing challenges and potential opportunities. With the rapid progress that has been made in state‐of‐the‐art mechanisms and design strategies, SAIs are expected to undergo booming development in the foreseeable future.