Organic Reactions in Covalent Functionalization of Graphene

Graphene and graphene oxide possess unique structure and excellent properties, and have become popular potential materials in biology, information, energy and other fields in recent years.The high-quality nanocomposites were obtained by hybridizing graphene-based materials with functional molecules, polymers and nanoparticles.Besides the modification via weak interaction, covalent modification of graphene and graphene oxide via organic reaction can stably and effectively optimize the structure, enhance their performances and extend their applications.In this review, the diverse approaches of chemically covalent modification of graphene and graphene oxide are reviewed via esterification, acylation, Williamson reaction, Eschenmoser-Claisen [3,3] σ rearrangement and click chemistry, and the future development trend is prospected.