The effect of preoperative chemotherapy treatment in surgically treated intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients—A multi‐institutional analysis

INTRODUCTION While preoperative chemotherapy (pCT) is utilized in many intra‐abdominal cancers, the use of pCT among patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remains ill defined. As such, the objective of the current study was to examine the impact of pCT among patients undergoing curative‐intent resection for ICC. METHODS Patients who underwent hepatectomy for ICC were identified from a multi‐institutional international cohort. The association between pCT with peri‐operative and long‐term clinical outcomes was assessed. RESULTS Of the 1 057 patients who were identified and met the inclusion criteria, 62 patients (5.9%) received pCT. These patients were noticed to have more advanced disease. Median OS (pCT:46.9 months vs no pCT:37.4 months; P = 0.900) and DFS (pCT: 34.1 months vs no pCT: 29.1 months; P = 0.909) were similar between the two groups. In a subgroup analysis of propensity‐score matched patients, there was longer OS (pCT:46.9 months vs no pCT:29.4 months) and DFS (pCT:34.1 months vs no pCT:14.0 months); however this did not reach statistical significance (both P > 0.05). CONCLUSION In conclusion, pCT utilization among patients with ICC was higher among patients with more advanced disease. Short‐term post‐operative outcomes were not affected by pCT use and receipt of pCT resulted in equivalent OS and DFS following curative‐intent resection.