Enhancing hybrid dynamic substructuring: A comprehensive review of numerical and experimental techniques

Analyzing complex dynamic systems with intricate joints and interfaces presents significant challenges due to modeling uncertainties and computational complexity. Current methods often lack a unified framework for integrating numerical and experimental approaches, leading to inaccuracies in system characterization. Hybrid dynamic substructuring techniques, which combine numerical simulations with experimental data, offer a promising solution by leveraging the strengths of both domains. Motivated by the need to bridge existing gaps in the literature for the application of hybrid modeling, this paper provides a comprehensive review of linear projection-based model order reduction techniques. It introduces a novel unified classification that covers key areas, including condensation formulations for model order reduction, modeling of complex interfaces, selection of suitable modes for reduction matrices, and exploration of different assembly options for subsystems, all within a single framework. Special emphasis is placed on component mode synthesis and frequency-based substructuring due to their relevance in industrial applications and suitability for hybrid models. Consequently, theoretical foundations are linked with practical implementation to facilitate method selection. Additionally, this work provides structured guidelines that clarify methodological similarities and differences, enabling efficient hybrid modeling of complex structural systems. The paper also identifies current limitations and highlights areas for future research. This unified perspective advances understanding and practical use of hybrid dynamic substructuring, supporting improved prediction quality and computational efficiency in structural dynamics, with applications in mechanical engineering. This article is particularly well-suited for newcomers to the field, offering a comprehensive overview of various dynamic substructuring concepts.