A Monolithic 3D/2D Perovskite Memristor Enabling Ultralow-Voltage Neuromorphic Computing and Biomimetic Sensing

s), and endurance (>600 cycles) under ambient conditions. This performance stems from a synergistic "bandgap staircase and built-in electric field" mechanism at the heterointerface, which enhances field confinement for low-voltage switching while the 2D layer suppresses ion migration. Remarkably, this single platform integrates a complete neuromorphic-sensory functional chain. It emulates synaptic plasticity, achieving 90.77% accuracy in MNIST handwritten digit recognition. It also functions as a physical reservoir for temporal pattern processing, reaching perfect classification accuracy. Furthermore, it serves as an artificial nociceptor that faithfully replicates key pain perceptions such as threshold, nonadaptation, sensitization, and relaxation. With ultralow power consumption of only 36 pJ per switch, this multifunctional memristor provides a versatile hardware prototype for next-generation intelligent systems and adaptive human-machine interfaces.