Comparative Evaluation of Four Diode Model Variants for Accurate and Fast I–V Curve Generation and MPPT Extraction in Inverter Control

This paper presents a comparative evaluation of two Four Diode Model (FDM) variants for photovoltaic (PV) I–V (current-voltage) curve generation with the goal of efficient Maximum Power Point (MPP) extraction in inverter control systems. The models considered include the exact FDM and an approximate solution based on the Lambert W function. The study focuses on assessing the trade-offs between computational time and accuracy during real-time curve generation. Equilibrium optimizer (EO) algorithm, along with its hybrid variants, is applied to each model to generate the I–V curve, from which the MPP is identified directly. Performance metrics include execution time and curve fidelity, providing insights into the suitability of each model for secure and efficient MPPT implementation in mobile microgrid inverters.