Furfural and Derivatives

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Furfural 2.1. Properties 2.1.1. Physical Properties 2.1.2. Chemical Properties 2.2. Resources and Raw Materials 2.3. Production 2.3.1. Chemistry of Furfural Production 2.3.2. Production of Furfural 2.4. Uses and Economic Aspects 2.5. Quality Specifications, Transportation, Toxicology 3. Furfuryl Alcohol 3.1. Properties 3.1.1. Physical Properties 3.1.2. Chemical Properties 3.2. Resources and Raw Materials 3.3. Production 3.4. Uses and Economic Aspects 3.5. Quality Specifications, Transportation, Toxicology 4. Furan 4.1. Properties 4.2. Production 4.3. Uses, Economic Aspects, Transportation, Toxicology 5. Tetrahydrofurfuryl Alcohol 5.1. Properties 5.2 Production 5.3 Uses, Economic Aspects, Transportation, Toxicology 6. Furfurylamine and Tetrahydrofurfurylamine 7. Methylfuran and Methyltetrahydrofuran 8. Furoic acid This article discusses the properties, production, and industrial uses of furfural and compounds derived from furfural on a commercial basis. The only commercial route to furfural is acid-catalyzed digestion of pentosan sugars in biomass. Nowadays, furfural is the sole precursor for all compounds containing a furyl, furfuryl, furoyl, or furfurylidene radical in the chemical industry. Detailed information is given on the production, properties, and economical aspects of furfural [98-01-1] and furfuryl alcohol [98-00-0], and the most important specialty chemicals derived from furfural and furfuryl alcohol are summarized: furan [110-00-9], tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol [97-99-4], 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran [110-87-2], furfurylamine [617-89-0], tetrahydrofurfurylamine [4795-29-3], 2-methylfuran [534-22-5], 2-methyltetrahydrofuran [96-47-9], and furoic acid [88-14-2].