Evaluation and Prediction of Mixture Toxicity of PFOS and PFOA to Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryo

Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) have emerged as two concerning contaminants in recent years. However, there is limited information about their mixture toxicity to aquatic organisms. In the present study, the single and mixture toxicity of PFOA and PFOS to zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo were tested, and the mixture toxicity was predicted by concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) models. It is found that PFOS and PFOA have synergistic effect at 96 hpf, while this kind of synergistic effect is not obvious at 72 hpf. CA and IA models both could predict the 72 h mixture toxicity, while underestimate the 96 h mixture toxicity.