Quantum Information Processing on the Basis of Single Ultracold Atoms in Optical Traps

A brief overview of experimental and theoretical studies on the use of single neutral atoms captured in arrays of optical dipole traps as qubits of a quantum computer is presented. Methods for loading and registering atoms in traps, and performing two-qubit quantum logic gates via dipole-dipole interaction during short-term laser excitation of atoms into Rydberg states are discussed.