Effects of Mobile Learning Participation Time on High School Students' 21st Century Core Competences

In this study, a long term mobile learning program was conducted and a survey was developed to explore the effects of mobile learning on five 21st century core competences, that is, collaboration, communication, complex problem-solving, critical thinking and creativity, using a sample of 606 high school students from 10 high schools in Taiwan. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to show that the survey had high reliability and validity. The independent-sample t-test results further showed that the students who spent a longer time on mobile learning activities revealed significantly better communication, complex problem-solving and creativity competences. That is, engaging more in mobile learning activities could benefit the students more in terms of their communication, complex problem-solving and creativity.