By means of an acid chloroform-methanol solvent system and stronger alkaline silica gel thin-layer plates, a one-dimensional thin-layer chromatography has been developed in which the phospholipid components of soybean phospholipid were rather well separated. By using standard phospholipids under the same chromatographic conditions and by thin-layer scanning, these phospholipids were detected and quantitatively estimated. The direct determination of phospholipids in samples weighing around 30μg is thus solved.