Straw returning is not only a widely used measure for increasing soil fertility,but also an important carbon sequestration technology.Carbon sequestration potential of farmland,effect of straw returning on soil for organic carbon content and greenhouse gas emission,and net emission reduction of straw returning were discussed.The issues in current research were pointed out,and then the prospect for future work was drawn.The carbon-sink effect of straw returning was still uncertain.For the future,research on the effect of straw returning on soil carbon and greenhouse gas emission should be combined and carried out at the county level,and then the net emission reduction of straw returning can be calculated.In order to investigate how to increase the net emission reduction of straw returning,greenhouse effect induced by straw returning and its impact factors should be studied intensively.