Copper hydrometallurgy——Current status and future direction

The heap leaching of oxide copper ores with copper cathode recovery by solvent extraction and electro-winning is now well established as a low-cost method of copper recovery. The success of heap leaching/SX/EW has also led to a revival in the development of hydrometallurgical processes to recover copper from chalcopyrite and other copper concentrates. The current status of copper hydrometallurgy is reviewed and the most commercially attractive potential applications are explored. The advantages and disadvantages of the hydrometallurgical treatment of chalcopyrite concentrates and its preliminary economics are compared with those for the current best practices in copper smelting and refining.