Factors affecting seedling emergence in winter wheat under different tillage patterns with rice straw mulching

In order to study the factors affecting seedling emergence in winter wheat under different tillage patterns with rice straw mulching,plot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of straw incorporation and tillage methods on winter seedling rate and the reasons.The results were as follows:rice starw mulching reduced seedling rate of winter wheat.The emergence uniformity increased when rice straw was returned to the field.The main five factors affecting seedling emergence in winter wheat were summerized as follows:obstacles by rice straw,sowing too shallow,seed moldiness,deficiency or unevenness of soil water and sowing too deep.Deficiency or unevenness of soil water was the first factor affecting seedling emergence in winter wheat under different tillage patterns with rice straw mulching.The second factor was obstacles by rice stalks.The first factor affecting seedling emergence in winter wheat under different tillage patterns without rice straw mulching was deficiency or unevenness of soil water.Sowing to deep was the second.