Genetic Processes of Iron and Zinc Accumulation in Edible Portion of Crops and Their Agro-Biofortification: A Review

Iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) are essential micronutrient for both human and plants, but Fe and Zn deficiency is prevalent in the world especially developing countries including India and China. Biofortification is considered the most promising approach to alleviate Fe and Zn malnutrition. Thus this study was mainly conducted to review the recent progresses on the strategies of the processes affecting Fe and Zn accumulation in edible portion of crops at genetic and physiological levels. While agricultural approaches are useful to gain Fe and Zn enriched cereals, therefore agro-biofortification of Fe and Zn by agricultural approaches was also reviewed for possible solution in intensive agriculture system.