Spin effects in electrocatalysis: underlying mechanisms and reactivity regulation

spin polarization and DE-mediated quantum spin-exchange interactions; and (iii) steering reaction pathways and product selectivity through chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS), SOC, and spin-polarized charge injection. The underlying mechanisms linking electron spin to enhanced electrocatalytic activities are discussed in detail. Finally, this review concludes with a summary and future perspectives on spin-mediated electrocatalysis, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of spin effects and their regulation for improved electrocatalytic applications.