Recent Advances in Organic Pollutant Removal Technologies for High-Salinity Wastewater

Industrial processes like farming, food processing, petroleum refinery, and leather manufacturing produce a lot of high-salinity wastewater. This wastewater presents serious environmental risks, such as soil degradation, eutrophication, and water salinization, if it is released without adequate treatment. The sources and features of high-salinity wastewater are outlined in this review, along with the main methods for removing organic pollutants, such as physicochemical, biological, and combined treatment approaches. Membrane separation, coagulation–flocculation, and advanced oxidation processes are the primary physicochemical techniques. Anaerobic and aerobic technologies are the two categories into which biological treatments fall. Physicochemical–biological combinations and the fusion of several physicochemical techniques are examples of integrated technologies. In order to achieve sustainable and effective treatment and resource recovery of high-salinity wastewater, this review compares the effectiveness and drawbacks of each method and recommends that future research concentrate on the development of salt-tolerant catalysts, anti-fouling membrane materials, halophilic microbial consortia, and optimized hybrid treatment systems.