A review on design and mechanism approaches of metal-organic framework composites for supercapacitance performance

Supercapacitors are considered as promising electrochemical energy storage devices because of their great power density, energy density , fast charging/discharging capabilities, long cycle life, and durability. The performance of these devices is heavily influenced by the design and mechanisms of electrode materials that are key components to determine their capacity and efficacy. Hence, synthesizing new electrode materials has become prime focus to develop effective and sustainable solutions for energy storage. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained significant attention for supercapacitor applications due to their tunable porosity, adjustable chemical compositions, controllable crystal structures, and adaptable geometries. This review presents a comprehensive overview on design strategies, mechanism, synthesis methods and the factors that are crucial for MOF structural optimization for better supercapacitance performance. Additionally, we provide limitations of using pristine MOFs and need of developing MOF-based materials. Specifically, the review focuses on recent development and research in MOF derived materials (nanoporous carbon, transition metal oxide , transition metal sulfide) and their composites with materials like carbon nanotubes , graphene, or graphene oxide in supercapacitance application. Also, by providing an in-depth analysis of current research and development, this review also summarizes various challenges and limitations for driving these captivating advancements towards industrial applications along with possible solutions. • Mechanisms involved in supercapacitive performance. • Key factors influencing energy storage applications in MOFs. • Synthesis methodologies of MOFs. • Pristine MOFs and their composites for supercapacitor applications. • MOF-derived transition metal oxide/hydroxides/sulfide based electrodes.