Classification of Authentic and Spoofed GNSS Signals Using a Calibrated Antenna Array

Abstract

New optimization-based methods have been developed to use measured direction-of-arrival (DoA) information in order to classify received global navigation satellite system signals into authenticated and spoofed sets and to augment that information with pseudorange information when DoA information alone is insufficient to achieve the needed classification. These methods are designed for a system that is being developed to mitigate spoofing and jamming by using signals from a controlled radiation pattern antenna. These new spoofing classification methods operate on DoA outputs from trackers of various signals. This paper presents a multi-hypothesis test that considers all possible hypotheses regarding the authenticated and spoofed sets of tracked signals. A combinatorial analysis is performed in which all possible authenticated-set/spoofed-set classifications are generated for a given set of tracked signals and the correct authenticated set is determined among the different combinations. Results from Monte Carlo simulations show that using a combined DoA and pseudorange method is suitable for determining the correct combinations.