Perovskite Solar Cells Made by a Self-Quenching Method Using a Volatile Perovskite Ink with Safer Alternatives to 2-Methoxyethanol

Four solvents from the glycol ether (GE) family were evaluated as safer alternatives to the highly toxic 2-methoxyethanol (2ME) used for the fabrication of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). A self-quenching process by spin-coating the acetonitrile (ACN)-based ink for 7 s was developed. The influence of the ACN:GE ratio on the coverage of perovskite layers and cell efficiency was investigated to find that with the ACN:GE ratio of 8:1 the four solvents studied here can produce PSCs with an efficiency similar to 2ME and therefore can be used as a replacement for the latter.