Responsible AI in biotechnology: balancing discovery, innovation and biosecurity risks

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in protein design presents unparalleled opportunities for innovation in bioengineering and biotechnology. However, it also raises significant biosecurity concerns. This review examines the changing landscape of bioweapon risks, the dual-use potential of AI-driven bioengineering tools, and the necessary safeguards to prevent misuse while fostering innovation. It highlights emerging policy frameworks, technical safeguards, and community responses aimed at mitigating risks and enabling responsible development and application of AI in protein design.