Perioperative Immunotherapy — A KEY toward Improved Outcomes for Early-Stage Lung Cancer?

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.1 However, the surge of new therapies and the use of these therapies in earlier stages of disease have generated tremendous hope for improved outcomes. In particular, immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies, with agents targeting programmed cell death protein 1 and programmed death ligand 1, administered before (neoadjuvant)2 or after (adjuvant)3,4 surgical resection, are now considered to be standard treatment options for patients with early-stage lung cancer. These treatments bring much-needed advances to an area of lung cancer medicine that has been in a drought for decades. Recently, several large clinical trials . . .