SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL SUBSTANTIATION FOR ARRANGING FISH PASS, FISH PASSAGE AND SPAWNING AND SPAWNING CHANNELS AT THE WATERWORKS ON THE RIVER DON

Purpose: development of a scientific and technical substantiation for the feasibility of construction and technical solutions for fish pass, fish passage and spawning and spawning channels at waterworks. Materials and methods. The empirical basis of the work was the data of the author's surveys and studies of fish passage and fish-passage and spawning channels operating as part of low-head waterworks on the Western Manych and Don rivers, as well as materials and information on the technical substantiation of the projects of the Bagaevsky and Kochetovsky fish-spawning channels. Results and discussion. In the course of achieving the goal and solving the problems of the study, interpretations of special terms were given: fish passage, fish passage and spawning and spawning channels at the waterworks, and the conditions for the use of each of these structures were formulated. The data of field surveys of the Ust-Manych fish passages and the Konstantinovsky fish passage and spawning channels, carried out in 2022, are presented. Schematic diagrams for the construction of waterworks fish passes, fish passages and spawning and spawning channels are proposed, which, with appropriate study, can be adapted to the specific conditions of their creation and function, which is clearly illustrated by the given examples of design solutions for fish passage and spawning channels arranged as part of the Bagaevsky and Kochetovsky waterworks on the river Don. Structural schemes of facilities and elements that ensure the operation of fish pass, fish passages and spawning and spawning channels, including their main components – tracts, inlet and outlet (for fish) overheads (areas) have been developed. Conclusions. The definitions of the special terms: fish passes, fish passage and spawning (spawning and fish passage) and spawning channels are formulated, and the substantiation of the conditions for their use is given. Layout and structural diagrams for the arrangement of fish passage and fish-passage-spawning channels as part of river low-head waterworks are proposed.