were different under different Fe environments, which may have affected the absorption and accumulation of Cd by rice by affecting the formation of Fe plaque on the root and other biochemical processes. In addition, the effect of an Fe-deficient environment on microbial functions was higher than that of the Fe sufficient environment. This study investigated the changes in the rice root microbial community structure and the ability of rice to absorb and transport Cd under different Fe environments, which provided a theoretical basis and an important reference for the inhibition of Fe on Cd accumulation in rice in Cd-polluted paddy soil in southern China.