Structural and Hydrophilic Properties of Nanoporous Aluminium Oxide Film as a Function of Voltage Anodization

The impact of voltage on the formation of nanopores through electrochemical anodization of high-purity aluminum was examined. The electrochemical bath was carefully prepared with oxalic acid electrolyte, while a 99.5% pure aluminum electrode served as the cathode and an aluminum template as the anode. The anodization process was conducted at room temperature, with voltage increments ranging from 20 V to 65 V, which was made possible by the in-house electrochemical cell. Notably, each incremental increase in voltage yielded a significant surge in current density, accompanied by a marked expansion in nanopore size, growing from approximately 35 nm to 125 nm. X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry were used to characterize the films. A slight phase change was observed in the aluminum substrate’s FCC structure after the anodization process, transitioning to a monoclinic structure at 39° and 45° for all applied potentials. The stoichiometry of the films was determined through RBS analysis. The nano pores’ resulting morphology and phase composition were further examined using SEM and EDS, providing insights into their structural characteristics. Furthermore, the water contact angle of the anodized aluminum oxide samples was measured, revealing a range of approximately 85.16 to 61.01 degrees.